Kichô Shiryô Gazô Database from Kyoto University
This site has a huge collection of scans of pre-modern Japanese literature (and various other texts from antiquity including Chinese, French, and Islamic). As well as literary and artistic works there are also ones from the world of science, such as this star map (click to view large size) with a whole host of unfamiliar and intriguing constellations.
There’s also an English langauge entrance, but with less content